Considered by some to be Quetzalcoatl’s double, assistant or twin, Xolotl aided Quetzalcoatl when he descended to the Mictlan to recover the bones of humankind. Quetzalcoatl, le dieu aztèque et toltèque; le serpent emplumé, dieu du vent, l’apprentissage et le sacerdoce, maître de la vie, créateur et civilisateur, patron de chaque art et inventeur de la métallurgie, dans le Codex Borbonicus. Quetzalcoatl and Tezcatlipoca, Codex Borbonicus, Ca XVI century AD. Veri Selene The earliest iconographic depiction of the deity is believed to be found on Stela 19 at the Olmec site of La Venta, depicting a serpent rising up behind a person probably engaged in a shamanic ritual. The Codex Borbonicus is an Aztec codex written by Aztec priests shortly before or after the Spanish conquest of Mexico. Do you know the names of all the Aztec gods? 100% satisfaction guaranteed. Borgia. The most important center was Cholula where the world's largest pyramid was dedicated to his worship. Quetzalcoatl in human form, from the Codex Borbonicus. Legend says that Ce Acatl Topiltzin and the Toltecs left Tula after being tricked and shamed by Quetzalcoatl’s brother, the deity Tezcatlipoca. The name Quetzalcoatl literally means "feathered snake". Called ehecacózcatl (wind jewel), the shell has been interpreted as an association with the womb and the generation of life. Guises: Ehécatl (Wind) / Tlahuizcalpantecuhtli (Venus), Xolotl (the dog twin or ‘double’ of Quetzalcoatl), and the mythical human priest, Ce Acatl Topiltzin Quetzalcoatl.Emblem: A half-conch, symbol of creation.Active: The Feathered Serpent was represented as a deity in Mesoamerica from the Pre-classic period until the conquest in 1521.Favourite Colour: Blue and Black (Ehécatl) or Red and White pinstripe (Tlahuizcalpantecuhtli). Whether the historical figure of Ce Acatl Topiltzin did this, or whether it was the deity Feathered Serpent, we know that Quetzalcoatl was worshipped throughout Mesoamerica up until the conquest in 1521, and that the Aztecs appeared to combine Quetzalcoatl the priest with the deity.Find out how Tezcatlipoca got the better of Topiltzin by following the link below. Over the East presides the Red Tezcatlipoca, Xipe Totec, the god of gold, farming and Spring time. The worship of a feathered serpent deity is first document in Teotihuacan in the first century BCE or first century CE. In Mesoamerican myth Quetzalcoatl is also a mythical culture hero from whom almost all mesoamerican peoples claim descent. He is the god of intelligence and self-reflection, a patron of priests. One of the main functions of a calender like that in Codex Borbonicus was to interpret that fate. Quetzalcoatl’s Cosmological Origins. MAYA, MAYAN, Quetzalcoatl, serpent à plumes, tel que décrit dans le Codex Borbonicus. On the basis of the iconography of the feathered serpent deity at sites such as Teotihuacan, Xochicalco, Chichén Itzá, Tula and Tenochtitlan combined with certain ethnohistorical sources, historian David Carrasco has argued that the preeminent function of the feathered serpent deity throughout Mesoamerican history was as the patron deity of the Urban center, a god of culture and civilization. Quetzalcoatl slithers along the border. In a version of the myth, Quetzalcoatl was born by a virgin named Chimalman, to whom the god Onteol appeared in a dream. Greek equivalent According to another version of the myth, Quetzalcoatl is one of the four sons of Ometecuhtli and Omecihuatl, the four Tezcatlipocas, each of whom presides over one of the four cardinal directions. Detail from the Codex Borbonicus, showing Quetzalcoatl, the mythical Aztec feather serpent. Quetzalcoatl also shared a special bond with medical practitioners (pic 4), who would invoke the memory of this god when setting broken bones. The Codex Borbonicus is the best preserved, most artistically developed and generally agreed to be the most pleasing (to Western art specialists) of the Aztec calendar-manuscripts that exist today. Vision Serpent depicted on lintel 15 from Yaxchilan. Gods had nahualis, just like people, and the main figure of image 3 is Xolotl, the dog nahuali of Quetzalcoatl. Quetzalcoatl was often represented as the life-giving wind, with a beak or mask protruding from his face. After many trials and tribulations he was able to escape Mictlan and carry the bones to Tamoanchan, home of the gods. The human and animal were born at the same time, and hence shared the same mechanisms of the calender. That period lies within the Late Preclassic to Early Classic period of Mesoamerican chronology, and veneration of the figure appears to have spread throughout Mesoamerica by the Late Classic. While not usually feathered, classic Maya serpent iconography seems related to the belief in a sky-, Venus-, creator-, war- and fertility-related serpent deity. Quetzalcoatl Discover (and save!) In another act as creator, Quetzalcoatl threw his semen at a rock and from it grew a bat that approached the fertility goddess Xochiquetzal (Quetzal Flower), biting her between the legs. Download 9 Codex Borbonicus Stock Illustrations, Vectors & Clipart for FREE or amazingly low rates! He appears in Post-classic tales from the Maya, Toltec, and Aztec cultures. He is the god of fertility, of the wind, of life, of maize and of agriculture, and is said to have taught humans how to … Représentation de Quetzalcoatl dans le Codex Magliabechiano. Aztec round dance for Quetzalcóatl and Xolotl (a dog-headed god who is Quetzalcóatl's companion), detail from a facsimile Codex Borbonicus (folio 26), c. 1520; original in the Chamber of Deputies, Paris, France. Quetzalcoatl as depicted in the Codex Borbonicus. In the Legend of the Suns, their battles saw them topple each other as regents of individual worlds. Quetzalcoatl as depicted in the Codex Borbonicus. Codex Magliabechiano Tonatiuh . Equivalents Temple of the Feathered Serpent at Xochicalco, adorned with a fully zoomorphic feathered Serpent. His calendrical name was 9 Wind.Parents: The dual creator Ometeotl (Two Lord), also known as Ometecuhtli and Omecihuatl (Two Lord and Two Lady)Siblings: Tezcatlipoca and Camaxtle. Codex Borbonicus fol. Most documents expounding this theory are of entirely Spanish origin, such as Cortés's letters to Charles V of Spain, in which Cortés goes to great pains to present the naïve gullibility of the Aztecs in general as a great aid in his conquest of Mexico. The exact significance and attributes of Quetzalcoatl varied somewhat between civilizations and through history. Codex Borbonicus. 2014-11-23 - --Page 22-- Codex Borbonicus (Loubat 1899) Quetzalcoatl (L) These myths often describe him as the a divine ruler of the mythical Toltecs of Tollan who after his expulsion from Tollan, travelled south or east to set up new cities and kingdoms. He was also the patron god of the Aztec priesthood, of learning and knowledge. Place of devotion: Offerings were regularly presented to Quetzalcoatl in Tenochtitlan, but he was also celebrated in other cities like Cholula and Chichén Itzá. Egyptian equivalent Guðrún Guðmundsdóttir and Björn Thorsteinsson translated Ebeling’s book into Icelandic. Codex Borbonicus is written by Aztec priests sometime after the Spanish conquest of Mexico. (1), Toci - an aspect of the Great Mother Earth Goddess, Pic 1: Re-creation of mural at Cacaxtla. „leuchtende Schwanzfederschlange“; Mayathan bzw. With this appendage he was able to sweep the roads clean before the arrival of the rain gods (pic 5). They discussed the Eyrbggia saga in the epilogue. The existence of such worship can be seen through studies of iconography of different Mesoamerican cultures, in which serpent motifs are frequent. The worship of Quetzalcoatl sometimes included animal sacrifices, and in colonial traditions Quetzalcoatl was said to oppose human sacrifice. La page 14 du Codex Borbonicus représente le dieu Xipe Totec, « Notre seigneur l’écorché », qui incarne le printemps et le renouveau de la végétation. Photograph: Mireille Vautier/Alamy. New users enjoy 60% OFF. Quetzalcoatl, also known as Feathered Serpent, was a prominent supernatural entity or deity found in many Mesoamerican religions. 18. There was also the symbol of the feathered serpent god of the Aztecs known as Quetzalcoatl as depicted in the Codex Borbonicus. Norse equivalent Quetzalcoatl’s link to erudition and religious dedication ensured his worship across Mesoamerica, and some priests of high rank were anointed with his name. The archaeological record shows that after the fall of Teotihuacan that marked the beginning of the epi-classic period in Mesoamerican chronology around 600 AD, the cult of the feathered serpent spread to the new religious and political centers in central Mexico, centers such as Xochicalco, Cacaxtla and Cholula. Did Motecuhzoma really think Cortés was a god?The final twist in Quetzalcoatl’s story came with the arrival of the Spanish conquerors, who claimed that Cortés was welcomed as the long-departed Ce Acatl Topiltzin Quetzalcoatl who, in another story, did not kill himself but left on a long voyage over the ocean, promising one day to return. Entre los aztecas, e… The earliest depictions of the feathered serpent deity were fully zoomorphic, depicting the serpent as an actual snake, but already among the Classic Maya the deity began acquiring human features. De la cultura azteca; Quetzalcóatl como se representa en el Codex Borbonicus. Quetzalcoatl (left) fights Tezcatlipoca, from Codex Borbonicus, Mexico, c.1521. Other parties have also promulgated the idea that the Mesoamericans believed the conquistadors, and in particular Cortés, to be awaited gods: most notably the historians of the Franciscan order such as Fray Gerónimo de Mendieta. This is because he dropped, but then saved, the bones of humankind as he tripped over a quail while escaping from the Mictlan (Graulich, 1996). From the smoking remains rose the morning star, Venus, who is represented by Quetzalcoatl in his guise of Tlahuizcalpantecuhtli. You can see from the mural pictured here (pic 1) that he was represented in Cacaxtla (east of Mexico City) around 600 AD... ... and Teotihuacan around 200 AD (pic 2). 194.). Why did Quetzalcoatl have so many guises?We know him as the Plumed Serpent but Quetzalcoatl was so much more! Quetzalcoatl as depicted in the Codex Magliabechiano. And over the North presides the Black Tezcatlipoca, known by no other name than Tezcatlipoca, the god of judgment, night, deceit, sorcery and the Earth. At temples such as the aptly named "Quetzalcoatl temple" in the Ciudadela complex, feathered serpents figure prominently and alternate with a different kind of serpent head. Interest in the Codex goes beyond conservation. Under the guise of wind, he was called Quetzalcoatl-Ehécatl and was considered a great cultural hero. Species His hair is red and his body painted with red and white stripes. Find art you love and shop high-quality art prints, photographs, framed artworks and posters at Art.com. Aztec round dance for Quetzalcóatl and Xolotl (a dog-headed god who is Quetzalcóatl's companion), detail from a facsimile Codex Borbonicus (folio 26), c. 1520; original in the Chamber of Deputies, Paris, France. Quetzalcoatl, the Mexican god of wind and learning, wearing around his neck the sign of the wind god, the “wind breastplate” ehecailacocozcatl, “the spirally voluted wind jewel” made of a conch shell (illustration copied from the Codex Borbonicus, p. 22 by Milwaukee Public Museum artist Lee Tishler). Quetzalcoatl and Tezcatlipoca, Codex Borbonicus, Ca XVI century AD. Dans de nombreuses versions du mythe, Quetzalcoatl a travaillé en opposition à son frère Tezcatlipoca. File:Xochicalco Serpiente Emplumada GR.jpg, https://mythology.wikia.org/wiki/Quetzalcoatl?oldid=118623. He is chopping a tree on the upper left hand side, and on a decorated platform on the lower left hand side. Lighting a fire on the top of a mountain gave out an ancient signal. Codex Maglabechiano, fol. Quetzalcoatl Art. ... quetzalcoatl. Copyright: imagesofanthropology.com (Click on image to enlarge), Pic 3: The legendary priest, Ce Acatl Topilltzin Quetzalcoatl in a blood-letting ceremony. Unlike the newer gods of the Aztec pantheon, Quetzalcoatl shared his namesake with the feathered serpent deities of the K’iche’ Maya and the Yucatec Maya. It is named after the Palais Bourbon in France and kept at the Bibliothèque de l'Assemblée Nationale in Paris. Bridgeman Art Library / Getty Images Courtesy of the Newberry Library, Chicago As the morning star, he was known by the title Tlahuizcalpantecuhtli, meaning "lord of the star of the dawn." But the history of the former has been handed down to us through an impure Lamanitish source, which has sadly disfigured and perverted the original incidents and teachings of the Savior's life and ministry." Xolotl, the Evening StarTlahuizcalpentecuhtli could only guard the sun as it crossed the daytime sky. The Aztec Codex Borbonicus, 'Tonalamatl', detail depicting Quetzalcoatl and Tezcatlipoca was created around the 16th century. A fourth story narrates that Quetzalcoatl was born from Coatlicue, who already had four hundred children who formed the stars of the Milky Way. codex borbonicus : pages 21 and 22 a critical assessment l6l who was the special « protégé » of The Two (Codex Vindobonensis x) . La mort de Quetzalcoatl. In a version of the myth, Quetzalcoatl was born by a virgin named Chimalman, to whom the god Onteol appeared in a dream. Ehécatl is the wind god form of the deity Quetzalcoatl, also known as the feathered serpent deity and … / Quetzalcoatl est une divinité dans la culture et la littérature mésoaméricaines dont le nom vient de la langue nahuatl et signifie «serpent à plumes» ou «serpent à plumes de Quetzal». To the Aztecs, Quetzalcoatl was, as his name indicates, a feathered serpent, a flying reptile (much like a dragon), who was a boundary-maker (and transgressor) between earth and sky. Marduk Much of the idea of Cortés' being seen as a deity can be traced back to the Florentine Codex written down some 50 years after the conquest. Early depictions of Quetzalcoatl are accompanied by raindrops and standing water, indicating that he was a rain deity. Tlahuizcalpantecuhtli was considered patron of this calendar (Yólotl González-Torres,1991). The trecena was marked by the Aztec nobility who made offerings in Calmecacs, learning institutions for noble children. They are widely perceived to have spread an active cult of Quetzalcoatl as far south as El Salvador.Parallel to this historic account of Toltec civilization, the Aztecs recorded the myth that the Toltecs were led by a charismatic priest, Ce Acatl Topiltzin Quetzalcoatl (1 Reed Our Lord Quetzalcoatl) (pic 3). Para los aztecas, Quetzalcoatl era, como su nombre indica, una serpiente emplumada, un reptil volador (muy parecido a un dragón), que era un constructor de límites (y transgresor) entre la tierra y el cielo. On the basis of the Teotihuacan iconographical depictions of the feathered serpent, archaeologist Karl Taube has argued that the feathered serpent was a symbol of fertility and internal political structures contrasting with the War Serpent symbolizing the outwards military expansion of the Teotihuacan empire. 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