Mereka paus terburuk yang pernah ada. Hij was afkomstig uit het beroemde bankiersgeslacht Chigi en was een achterneef van paus Paulus V. Aan de Universiteit van Siena studeerde hij filosofie, rechten en theologie. Unfortunately, this laudable purpose became more and more identified in his mind with schemes for the aggrandizement of his family. (nl) アレクサンデル6世（Alexander VI, 1431年1月1日 - 1503年8月18日）は、15世紀のローマ教皇（在位：1492年 - 1503年）。 There was no place in his programme for a reform of abuses. Enige weken later troostte Giulia Farnese hem door hem een zoon te schenken die hij ook Juan noemde - en die hem zijn goede voornemens deed vergeten. Vanuit de Engelenburcht onderhandelde Alexander VI over een compromis. To maintain peace among Christians and to form a coalition of the European Powers against the Turks was the policy he had inherited from his uncle. cit., III, 375, 450-451, 475). He deserves to be called the founder of the Leonine City, which he transformed into the most fashionable quarter of Rome. Zijn oom, Paus Calixtus III, benoemde hem in 1456 tot kardinaal-bisschop van Valencia. In addition to the contempt of the papal authority involved in the transaction, this accession of strength to a baronial family already too powerful could not but be highly displeasing. He listened to good sermons with a critical ear, and admired fine music. However, since that time some Catholic writers, both in books and periodicals, have attempted to defend him from the most grievous accusations of his contemporaries. Giulia Farnese Schwester von Papst Paul III. It had already become the settled policy of the popes to have a personal representative in the Sacred College, and so Alexander chose for this confidential position Cardinal Giovanni Borgia, his sister's son. One of his first official acts was to canonize St. Clare. Even Guicciardini admits that "in him were combined rare prudence and vigilance mature reflection, marvelous power of persuasion, skill and capacity for the conduct of the most difficult affairs". That he aimed high from the start is evident from his resolve, opposed at first by the Pope, to resign his cardinalate and other ecclesiastical dignities, and to become a secular prince. Op 15 januari 1495 trok Karel VIII, opnieuw verzoend met de paus, op veroveringstocht naar Napels. The Orsini, who might have known that their turn would come next, were so shortsighted as to assist the Pope in the ruin of their hereditary foes. At his coronation in St. Peter's (26 Aug.), and during his progress to St. John Lateran, he was greeted with an ovation, "greater", says the diarist, "than any Pontiff had ever received". His magnificent Via Alessandrina, now called Borgo Nuovo, remains to the present day the grand approach to St. Peter's. Later werd het huwelijk echter nietig verklaard omdat Sforza impotent zou zijn. Threats of a council and of deposition had no terrors for Alexander, whose control of the Sacred College was absolute. Borgia werd vervolgens in de nacht van 10 op 11 augustus met overweldigende meerderheid tot paus gekozen. The Sacred College now contained so many of his adherents and countrymen that he had nothing to fear from that quarter. Other accusations, says the same writer, have been dealt with, not unsuccessfully, by Roscoe in his "Life of Leo the Tenth"; by Capefigue in his "Eglise pendant les quatre derniers siècles" (I, 41-46), and by Chantrel, "Le Pape Alexandre VI" (Paris, 1864). Rodrigo Borgia, born at Xativa, near Valencia, in Spain, 1 January, 1431; died in Rome, 18 August, 1503. Review, April, 1900.] Er werd gespeculeerd over vergiftiging, maar hiervoor was de periode tussen diner en de eerste ziekteverschijnselen veel te lang. Alexander VI was a pope who lived during the 15 th century, when Italy was experiencing the Renaissance.He is considered to be one of the most controversial popes in the history of the Roman Catholic Church .Instead of focusing on spiritual matters, Alexander was more concerned with material wealth and earthly power. "I am a Catholic", says M. de l'Epinois (loc. Cath. His contemporaries praise his handsome and imposing figure, his cheerful countenance, persuasive manner, brilliant conversation, and intimate mastery of the ways of polite society. of the Popes", (German ed., Freiburg, 1895), III, 275-278; also Am. ad. In 1480, Pope Innocent VIII made the child eligible for Orders by absolving him from the ecclesiastical irregularity that followed his birth de episcopo cardinali et conjugatâ, and conferred several Spanish benefices on him, the last being the Bishopric of Pampeluna, in the neighbourhood of which, by a strange fatality, he eventually met his death. te zien zijn in de Tv-serie The Borgias. Dimana Paus Alexander VI merupakan seorang paus kelahiran Spanyol. Dit onder de naam Rodrigo Borgia. of the Papacy (London 1887), IV, 44]. Desondanks weigerde Carlotta van Aragón met hem te trouwen en moest Cesare zich tevreden stellen met Charlotte van Albret, zuster van de koning van Navarra, met wie hij op 12 mei 1499 in het huwelijk trad. Aleksander VI—Paus yang Tak Dilupakan Roma ”DARI sudut pandang Katolik, tak ada kata-kata yang cukup keras untuk sepenuhnya mengutuki Aleksander VI.” ( Geschichte der Päpste seit dem Ausgang des Mittelalters [Sejarah para Paus dari Akhir Abad Pertengahan]) ”Kehidupan pribadinya sama sekali tidak bisa diampuni . Quart. "An imperfect setting", says Dr. Pastor (op. With coolness and skill Caesar decoyed the conspirators into his power and put them to death. Ferrante talked of war, but, through the mediation of Spain, he came to terms with the Pope and, as a pledge of reconciliation, gave his granddaughter, Sancia, in marriage to Alexander's youngest son Jofre, with the principality of Squillace as dower. Ayah neneknya adalah Paus Alexander VI (1492-1503), yang sebelum dipilih menjadi Paus sudah mempunyai beberapa anak. Alexandre papa VI. He sought help from Charles VIII of France(1483–1498), who was allied to Ludovico il Moro Sforza, the de facto ruler of Milan who needed French support to legitimize his regime. Kepemimpinannya diwarnai banyak hal yang sangat negatif, misalnya mempunyai hubungan dengan wanita Roma sampai mempunyai empat orang anak. During his reign Bramante designed for Ferdinand and Isabella that exquisite architectural gem, the Tempietto, on the traditional site of St. Peter's martyrdom. His fondness for theatrical performances encouraged the development of the drama. He acknowledged Alexander as true Pope, greatly to the disgust of della Rovere, and "did his filial obedience", says Commines, "with all imaginable humility"; but he could not extort from the Pontiff an acknowledgment of his claims to Naples. If that were true, Borgia could not have secured a two-thirds majority. No blame attaches to Alexander for issuing the desired decree annulling the King's marriage or for granting him a dispensation from the impediment of affinity. Towards 1470 began his relations with the Roman lady, Vanozza Catanei, the mother of his four children: Juan, Caesar, Lucrezia and Jofre, born, respectively according to Gregorovius (Lucrezia Borgia 13) in 1474, 1476, 1480, and 1482. The report of the Ferrarese ambassador, that the new Pope had resolved to keep them at a distance from Rome, is quite credible, for all his earlier measures for their advancement pointed towards Spain. Paus Alexander VI, lahir dengan nama Rodrigo de Borja (Valencia: Roderic Llançol i de Borja [roðeˈɾiɡ ʎanˈsɔɫ i ðe ˈβɔɾdʒa],Spanyol: Rodrigo Lanzol y de Borja [roˈðɾiɣo lanˈθol i ðe ˈβorxa]; 1 Januari 1431 - 18 Agustus 1503), adalah Paus dari 11 Agustus 1492 sampai kematiannya. War had broken out in Naples between France and Spain over the division of the spoils. Alexander VI Pope 1431-1503. WikiMatrix en Alexander VIII born "Pietro Vito Ottoboni" (22 April 1610 Venice – 1 February 1691 Rome) was pope from 1689 to 1691. If not Bramante, some other great architect, equally attracted to Rome by the report of the Pope's liberality, built for Cardinal Riario the magnificent palace of the Cancellaria. The time seemed opportune; for Virginio, the head of the house, was a prisoner in the hands of Ferrantino. De lievelingszoon van de paus, Juan, hertog van Gandia, kreeg de hertogdommen Benevento, Terracina en Pontecorvo. Giuliano della Rovere, de latere paus Julius II, spoorde koning Karel VIII van Frankrijk aan zijn rechten over het koninkrijk Napels op te eisen. That he obtained the papacy through simony was the general belief (Pastor, loc. Echter, Cesare had vooral wereldlijke en militaire ambities; hij wilde de pauselijke legers aanvoeren. [For details of the conclave see Pastor, "Hist. Caesar Borgia was created Cardinal 20 September. The young Rodrigo had not yet definitely chosen his profession when the elevation of his uncle to the papacy (1455) opened up new prospects to his ambition. Toen Borgia paus Alexander VI werd, erkende Vanozza dat ze de moeder was van zijn vier nog in leven zijnde kinderen Juan, Cesare, Joffre en Lucrezia. . ; Ehefrau von Orsino Orsini, später von … Cesare herstelde uiteindelijk, maar de paus overleed op 18 augustus 1503. Cardinal Piccolomini was the only member who dared protest against this improper alienation of the property of the Church. Borgia, by a bare two-thirds majority secured by his own vote, was proclaimed Pope on the morning of 11 Aug., 1492, and took the name of Alexander VI. Charles entered Naples, 22 February, 1495, without striking a blow. Juans broers Cesare en Gioffre werden beiden verdacht, evenals Antonio Pico della Mirandola en kardinaal Ascanio Sforza, maar de moord werd nooit opgelost. Alexander was still in doubt which side he could most advantageously support, when his career came to an abrupt close. Cesare's birth certificate carries the seal of Pope Sixtus. Alexander IV ruled the spiritual affairs of the Church with dignity and prudence. Zijn lijk werd uit de Tiber opgevist door vissers. [For details of the conclave see Pastor, "Hist. In order to reduce the strong fortress of Ostia, held by French troops for Cardinal della Rovere, Alexander wisely invoked the aid of Gonsalvo de Cordova and his Spanish veterans. Della Rovere was now his agent in France. Cath. Alexander earned the enmity of Spain, the obloquy of many narrow minded contemporaries, and the gratitude of posterity, by his tolerant policy towards the Jews, whom he could not be coerced into banishing or molesting. Nepotisme berarti lebih mengutamakan atau memilih saudara atau teman dekat dengan berdasarkan sebuah hubungan bukan berdasarkan kemampuan. 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