The feed value (TDN) of sorghum silage per acre is about 90% that of corn silage. I look forward to meeting each one at the upcoming Commodity Classic,” said NSP board of directors Chairman Don Bloss. For example, the minimum temperature for sorghum growth is about 60°F and highest yields occur when the mean temperatures during the growing season are between 75°F and 80°F. The given classes are not continuous. Find Out . Some herbicide products are only labeled for use on sorghum that will be harvested for grain. For dryland fields, plant populations of 50,000 to 60,000 plants per acre can result in high yields, while irrigated fields should have around 75,000 plants per acre. Planting should be delayed until soil temperatures reach 65°F at the 2- to 4-inch depth. Consider several key aspects of forage sorghum management to ensure success: (1) grow it in a situation where it is adapted and will result in economical feed, (2) pay attention to planting depth and planting date, (3) select a hybrid adapted to the area, and (4) harvest on time and with good silage management practices. This causes harvest delays because of prussic acid concerns, and may result in forage quality reductions. Once established, forage sorghum is a competitive crop and will shade many weeds later in the season. This number is a testament to better hybrids being planted today and implementation of better management practices by growers. Because prussic acid is volatile, it dissipates during the harvesting and ensiling process and is rarely a problem in sorghum silage. km) Download. For sealed silos or large upright silos, consider planting an earlier maturing hybrid or adding a dry feedstuff such as ground ear corn to reach the desired moisture level. Sorghum, on the other hand ranged from 160 to 140 bushels per acre. Grain sorghum yields exceeding 100 bushels per acre have been obtained in Wisconsin (Table 2). Table 1. For dryland production of forage sorghum or sorghum/sudangrass in Montana, seed in wide rows (21 to 28 - inch) with 5 to 8 pounds per acre. Even when the reduced value of forage sorghum silage is considered, forage sorghum can be more profitable than corn in some situations (Table 3). Then total returns will be Rs. Producer yields are highlighted in five different categories from the eastern and western regions of the U.S. Be sure that the herbicides you select are labeled for sorghum harvested for silage. Sudangrass can be drilled or broadcast at a seeding rate of 25 to 30 pounds per acre. Harvesting drier sorghum can reduce the energy and protein value. Yields of forage sorghums are comparable to corn and can range from 15- to 30-ton per acre depending on the soil, weather, and the hybrid. JavaScript seems to be disabled in your browser. Facing weather challenges, economic uncertainty and a challenging year overall, sorghum farmers showed […] Yields were variable in the Panhandle and were impacted by heat and drought, he said, though some acres benefited from spotty rains. This will crack more kernels and reduce the potential for kernel passage through the animals. In the world of crop yield contests, corn and soybeans garner the headlines. A forage sorghum silage crop removes large amounts of nutrients, so soil testing is essential with this crop. Forage sorghum hybrids can vary considerably in yield potential, height, forage quality, grain content, and maturity. Seed rate and Sowing in Sorghum or Jowar Farming:- Seed rate of 35-40 kg per hectare is well enough and sowing should be carried out by drilling @ row-to-row distance of 25 cm. Nutrient requirements should be adjusted for previous crop credits and manures. View our privacy policy. “Congratulations to the 2017 NSP Yield Contest Winners. Seeding depth should be 1 in. Commodity Planted All Purpose Acres Harvested Acres Yield Production Price per Unit Value of Production in Dollars; CORN: CORN, GRAIN: 3,870,000: 144 BU / ACRE Get notified when we have news, courses, or events of interest to you. The objective of this fact sheet is to describe some attributes of forage sorghum, provide some management recommendations, and describe the potential role of forage sorghum in the forage/livestock systems used on many Pennsylvania farms. Cultivation is also an effective option when forage sorghum is grown in rows. Optimum planting rates for forage sorghum are about 8 to 12 pounds of seed per acre. The concern of prussic acid and nitrate poisoning is greatest when sorghum is grazed less that 24 to 30 inches in height, immediately after a killing frost, or on regrowth of sorghum killed by an early frost. The table below shows the yield of jowar per acre. In addition, the risk of corn rootworm damage to corn following sorghum is low and no rootworm insecticide treatment is required for the corn. Generally after four weeks of ensiling, any prussic acid problem has been alleviated. The nutrient recommendation for a soil testing in the optimum range for P and K is 120 pounds of N, 65 pounds of P 2 O 5, and 120 pounds of K 2 O for a crop with a 21-ton per acre yield potential. Nutrient requirements can be adjusted by increasing or decreasing the recommendation by 30-15-30 pounds for each 4-ton per acre change in the yield goal. LUBBOCK, Texas (Dec. 16, 2020) – National Sorghum Producers is proud to announce a new U.S. dryland sorghum yield record has been set at 245.86 bushels per acre by Ella Johnston of Fulton County, Pennsylvania, in the 35th National Sorghum Yield Contest. Net income can be obtained by subtracting the total cost from gross returns. Ella Johnston of Fulton County, Pennsylvania produced 245.86 bushels per acre. Grain sorghum will produce more grain per inch of moisture up to about 24 inches, compared with corn. Some growers in full-season areas of Pennsylvania have utilized a double-crop rotation to produce dry cow and heifer feed very economically. Forage sorghum should be fertilized similar to corn for silage. Prepared by Gregory W. Roth, associate professor of agronomy, and Jayson K. Harper, associate professor of agricultural economics. It is used for human consumption, fodder animal feed, and for the production of starch, adhesive, paper, etc. Their rotation involves a winter cereal grain harvested for silage followed by a forage sorghum harvested for silage. Each inch of soil water increases the yield of corn or grain sorghum by approximately 12 bushels. Like other crops, it responds to good management; paying attention to the details of producing forage sorghum will improve the likelihood of success with the crop. Harvesting at moisture contents higher than 72 percent may cause problems during the ensiling process and will decrease intake by cattle. The best plant population will depend on whether the field is dryland or irrigated. In most areas, yields will be maximized with a mid-May to early June planting date. Be sure to request the correct safener for the herbicide you plan to use. For instance, forage sorghum is cheaper to produce, has comparable yields, but has slightly lower forage quality when compared to corn for silage. Why do we need this? Insects are generally not a problem on forage sorghum and no chemical controls are recommended in Pennsylvania. Only drawback about agriculture is we cannot simply predict the production for an area like we do in factories. Sorghum or corn popularly knowns as “Jowar” in India. However, yields of TDN (total digestible nutrients) per acre are usually lower from forage sorghums than from corn. In order to best estimate the yield potential of grain sorghum, we need to understand the main plant components of sorghum yield. This year’s top yield and Bin Buster winner is Santino Santini of New Jersey with 212.5 bushels per acre. Forage sorghum can be a profitable alternative crop, provided that it is managed well and used in the right situations. of Farmers 30 50 55 40 20 Seed lots often contain about 14,000 to 17,000 seeds per pound, and sorghum emergence is often about 75 percent, so these planting rates will result in plant populations of 85,000 to 150,000 plants per acre. On droughty, shallow soils, however, forage sorghum yields may be more consistent than corn. By Ignacio A. Ciampitti, Extension crop production and cropping systems specialist. It is important to pay attention to these details to ensure consistent success with forage sorghum. Forage sorghum typically dries down slowly. NEL = net energy of lactation, NEM = net energy of maintenance, and NEG = net energy of gain. See All Pest, Disease and Weed Identification, See All Beer, Hard Cider, and Distilled Spirits, See All Community Planning and Engagement, Off-Season and Accelerated Lamb Production. Sorghum can provide an almost-complete ration for these animals when supplemented properly. When compared to sorghum-sudangrass, forage sorghum silage is higher in energy and lower in protein (Table 1). Planting depth is 0.75 to 1.25 inches. Assume that 80 percent of the seeds planted will emerge. The nutrient recommendation for a soil testing in the optimum range for P and K is 120 pounds of N, 65 pounds of P2O5, and 120 pounds of K2O for a crop with a 21-ton per acre yield potential. Forage sorghum can also be grown in a mixture with corn on such fields. NASS publications cover a wide range of subjects, from traditional crops, such as corn and wheat, to specialties, such as mushrooms and flowers; from calves born to hogs slaughtered; from agricultural prices to land in farms. Typical yields in those regions are 100-150 bushels per acre, but Schnell said a good number of producers reported 150-180 bushel per acre yields. “When corn and grain sorghum prices are equal, grain sorghum is a more profitable crop to grow until corn yields exceed 141 bushels per acre,” Staggenborg says. By entering your email, you consent to receive communications from Penn State Extension. Kansas farmer Kimberly Gamble took first place in the Irrigated West category at 223.51 bpa. Farmers who participate in the National Sorghum Producers Yield Contest, however, achieve impressive yields, too. Learn how the World Bank Group is helping countries with COVID-19 (coronavirus). Forage sorghum is most often planted in rows with a corn planter to facilitate harvest, reduce lodging, and permit cultivation for weed control. Yield potential and economics of grain sorghum must be compared to corn to determine whether or not grain sorghum offers an advantage. 30,600. It is important to read the information on the bag tag to accurately calculate the number of acres each 50-pound bag will plant, based on projected seeds per acre. Under these conditions, forage sorghum may be an attractive alternative to corn. ... Food production index (2004-2006 = 100) Urban land area where elevation is below 5 meters (% of total land area) Land area (sq. Since forage sorghum is adapted to warm conditions, early season growth is also slow compared to corn. Nonprotein nitrogen additives such as urea and anhydrous ammonia can make forage sorghum almost a complete ration for growing heifers. Forage sorghum is a crop that has a potential under some soil/crop/livestock situations in Pennsylvania. The regrowth from plants killed by a frost is particularly high in prussic acid content, but this regrowth is rare in Pennsylvania. Seed broadcasting should be avoided. Research indicates that 3 inches of water are saved in the soil profile when weeds are controlled in a timely manner after the winter wheat harvest. Forage sorghums are also adapted to farms that experience considerable deer damage to corn. Row Plants/Acre Plants/Acre Plants/Acre Plants/Acre Width 27,000 41,000 55,000 76,000 38 2,358 2,745 2,635 2,567 2 rows/bed 38 in. Most corn planters need special sorghum plates or feed cups to handle sorghum seed. Some evidence indicates that sorghum may utilize N from previous crops such as soybeans more effectively than corn, but this has not been confirmed in Pennsylvania. Row Crop Realistic Yield Potential Crop Yield Units Realistic Yields/Acre Corn (grain) bushels 100-250 Corn (silage) wet tons 12-18 Cotton bales 1-3 Peanuts lbs 3,200 Rice bushels 144 -164 Sorghum (grain) bushels 80 - 140 Sorghum (silage) wet tons 12-18 Soybeans bushels 25-55 Sweet Potatoes cwt A … Sorghum is originated in India and Africa. Occasionally, in good years, forage sorghum production may exceed silage storage capabilities on the farm. CSV XML EXCEL. Forage sorghums typically have slightly lower energy values than corn silage, but are similar in protein. Adapted forage sorghums range from full season in southeastern counties to early maturity in the short-season areas of the state. Yield per Acre (Quintal) 2 - 3 4 - 5 6 - 7 8 - 9 10 - 11 No. (DTN photo by … In addition, input costs (Table 2) are lower for forage sorghum so the crop is established with less financial risk. USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service Information. The ensiling process reduces nitrate content in the silage. Effects of plant density and row spacing on grain yields of dryland sorghum. Questionable forage can be tested for prussic acid (HCN) at the Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture Summerdale Laboratory in Harrisburg (717-787-8808). Sorghum growers from 24 states entered to win this year’s National Sorghum Producer Yield Contest, with this year’s top yield at 228.07 bushels per acre. Minnesota research shows little response to planting rates of 20,000 to 80,000 plants/acre for sugar yield. Forage sorghum usually does not regrow following harvest, unlike sorghum-sudangrass or sudangrass, so forage sorghum is best adapted to a single-cut harvest for silage. Net profit from 1 acre Sorghum farming. Total income from 1 acre Sorghum cultivation: The minimum support price for Sorghum for the year 2018-19 is Rs. You must have JavaScript enabled in your browser to utilize the functionality of this website. On more productive soils, with favorable moisture and fertility, corn is a better silage crop, producing comparable yields and higher feed value than forage sorghums and sorghum-sudangrass hybrids, (Table 1). Like corn, forage sorghum yields increase with narrower rows. Sorghum roots produce a substance that is toxic to corn rootworm larvae so sorghum can be planted following corn without the use of a soil insecticide. Fewer herbicides are available for forage sorghum compared to corn, so control of some problem weeds may be a challenge without tillage. It various widely depends on crop, variety, resource availability (like soil type, water and even technology) and location. Entering your postal code will help us provide news or event updates for your area. Many growers have found that once they develop some experience planting the crop, seeding rates in the low end of this range are adequate. ), popularly known as jowar, is the most important food and fodder crop of dryland agriculture. We can get 12 quintals of yield per acre on an average basis. Nonsterile (grain bearing) forage sorghums can be harvested for grain. Because of the lower quality of forage sorghum crops compared to corn, they are best used in situations where forage sorghum yields are higher than corn or where livestock energy requirements are less than what is supplied by corn silage. In many Pennsylvania situations, corn silage will produce high yields of a high quality forage and is a preferred silage crop compared to forage sorghum. Forage sorghum growth can range from 5- to 15-feet tall, depending on the hybrid. Sorghum is often planted in 30 inch rows but could be planted in 15 or 20 inch rows to maximize production potential. Consider the 204.5-bushel-per-acre entry from Greensburg, Kansas, farmers Ki and Kim Gamble, on an irrigated farm featuring Pioneer’s 84G62 hybrid. 2550. sorghum in Texas is 2 pounds per acre of elemental N for each 100 pounds per acre of grain production expected. in medium or heavy soil or 1 1/2 in. Planting too early or too deep are two of the main causes of sorghum stand problems. Hybrids can be fertile and produce grain yields comparable to grain sorghum, or they can be sterile and produce no grain. Too often it has been regarded as an emergency crop and not managed to obtain its top potential. National Sorghum Producers has announced the winners of the 2019 NSP Yield Contest. Consequently, they are also adapted to fields where deer damage makes corn production unprofitable. On very droughty soils, or if subsoil moisture is very low, grain sorghum may out yield corn. Although occasional infestations of aphids can develop in the whorl or on the heads of sorghum, these rarely cause any economic damage. The annual area under it ranges between 17 and 18 million hectares and the annual production between 8 and 10 million tonnes. A Pennsylvania farmer hit a new dryland yield record in the National Sorghum Producers yield contest. Cereal yield (kg per hectare) from The World Bank: Data. Consult the Penn State Agronomy Guide for the latest weed control recommendations. When high nitrate levels are suspected, leave 10 to 12 inches of stalk in the field, because nitrates tend to accumulate in this region of the plant. Both grain sorghum and especially forage sorghum have more resistance to deer damage than does corn. Here, substitution of forage sorghum for corn can make a large difference in the profitability of a silage production enterprise (Table 5). Show the Data by Histogram. This usually occurs between the medium-dough and hard-dough stages. Forage sorghum is a member of the sorghum family and is closely related to grain sorghum, broomcorn, sorghum-sudangrass, and sudangrass. Smaller seed size and higher temperature requirements for sorghum result in slower emergence and lower seedling vigor compared to corn. The final average expected yield across the U.S. will be around 76 bushels per acre, which is just below the record set in 2016 at 77.9 bushels per acre. Planters should be set to place seed at a depth of ¾ to 1¼ inches. Wait four days following a killing frost to harvest forage sorghum. Sorghum-sudangrass and sudangrass had more similar yields using either one or two harvests than other sorghum types due to greater tiller production than the forage sorghums. The recommended chop length is 3/8- to ½-inch. Show the data by histogram. Sorghum is sensitive to some corn herbicides such as Dual or Lasso, but seed is available that is treated with safeners that allow the use of these herbicides on sorghum. Forage sorghums have even been grown successfully in short-season areas of Pennsylvania where 95-day corn is considered full season. Sorghum maturity is rated either as full, medium, and early or by the days needed to flower. This rotation facilitates manure spreading and contributes nicely to a nutrient management plan because of the large amounts of N and other nutrients removed from the soil. Forage sorghum yields also can be reduced with late planting, although not to the extent yields would be reduced with late-planted corn. The seed should not be sowed more than 2 – 3 cm depth. This is about 3-4 seeds per foot of row in 30 inch rows and translates into about 5 pounds of seed per acre. Forage sorghum is best utilized as a silage crop, although it can be grazed or cut for hay if managed appropriately. in sandy soil. For Heckemeyer, his typical 200 acres of sweet sorghum will yield approximately 200 gallons of syrup per acre in average growing conditions, upwards of 300 and beyond in a good year. But the crop once again proved its impressive versatility this year, after sorghum grower Ella Johnston, of Fulton County, Pennsylvania, set a new U.S. record for dryland sorghum production with a field that hit 245.86 bushels per acre (bpa), in the National Sorghum Producer’s 2020 Sorghum Yield Contest. Harvesting and storing the grain as a high-moisture product improves the feed efficiency, as does processing the grain in a roller mill. Seed suppliers can provide hybrid maturity recommendations for specific areas. Sorghum will continue to grow when adjacent corn fields are exhibiting leaf rolling due to water stress. Brown Mid Rib Trait or BMR. However, forage sorghum grows rapidly when temperatures rise in July and August. Read More.. Data. Jowar is an important Rabi season crop cultivated in around 1.20 lakh acres of land across the state. If moisture stress becomes severe, sorghum will become dormant until the stress is relieved. Severe drought stress or cool, late season temperatures may delay the maturity of the crop. Like most crops, forage sorghum responds well to good silage management practices--harvest at the right moisture content for the silo, chop uniformly, fill the silo as quickly as possible, and pack the silage well. 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The Table Below Shows the Yield of Jowar per Acre. Forage sorghum is best adapted to warm regions and is particularly noted for its drought tolerance compared to corn. The main yield-driving factors are: Number of plants, Number of tillers per plant, Total number of seeds per head, and; Seeds per pound. National Sorghum Producers is proud to announce a new U.S. dryland sorghum yield record has been set at 245.86 bushels per acre by Ella Johnston of Fulton County, Pennsylvania, in the 35th National Sorghum Yield Contest. LEARN HOW TO STOP THE INVASIVE SPOTTED LANTERNFLY, Coronavirus: Information and resources for the Extension Community. This allows any prussic acid formed to dissipate before harvesting. A Pennsylvania sorghum grower set a U.S. record for dryland yields with a field that topped out at 245.86 bushels per acre, in the 2020 Sorghum Yield Contest. PROVINCE WISE AERAGE YIELD OF JOWAR FROM 1947-48 TO 2017-18 (Average Yield 40 Kg Per Acre) YEAR: Punjab: Sindh: Khyber Pakhtoonkhaw: Balochistan: PAKISTAN Forage sorghum is also particularly well suited to some classes of livestock, such as dairy heifers and dry cows. Generally, forage sorghum silage has 75% to 85% of the energy value of corn silage per unit of dry matter, while other summer annual grasses have 60% to 80% percent of the value of corn silage. It is important to match the traits of the hybrid to the production situation and the desired use of the crop. Excessive seeding rates can increase the risk of lodging problems. These animals have lower energy requirements than lactating animals or those on a finishing ration. Prussic acid occurs mostly in young plants or plants harvested shortly after a frost or drought-ending rain. Consider using a recutter screen if the crop is dry and the grains are hard. USDA forecasts this year's average sorghum farm price at $3.25 per bushel. Performance of this warm-season crop will be poor with growing season temperatures below 60 degrees F. Seed yield has ranged from 0 to 110 bushels/acre in dryland grain sorghum hybrid performance trials during the 1990's at the NDSU Carrington Research Extension Center. With these considerations, forage sorghum can be an important crop alternative for livestock farms in Pennsylvania. Sorghum (Sorghum vulgare Pers. Full-season forage sorghums will not mature in these areas and the crop will have to be killed by frost before harvest can begin. Forage sorghum is a large, warm-season, annual grass that is adapted to Pennsylvania and can be grown as a silage crop. Soil pH should be maintained above 6.0 with target pH of 6.5. Forage sorghum has higher temperature requirements than corn. Maturity is an important consideration for the medium-season and short-season areas of Pennsylvania. Grain sorghum seed size is typically 14,000 to 16,000 seeds per pound, but can range from 9,000 to 22,000 seeds per pound. Be aware of the potential for prussic acid poisoning or nitrate toxicity with forage sorghum, but also realize that these problems are not normally a concern when sorghum is harvested for silage. Generally, this delayed maturity will not be a major problem if the crop is harvested for silage. Forage sorghum has performed well in no-till systems when conditions are favorable in the seed zone. Nitrates can be a problem with forage sorghum as they are with corn silage, but again this is rare and usually associated with harvesting a heavily manured or fertilized crop during or immediately following a severe stress such as a drought. Sorghum for syrup can be planted with a corn planter or with a grain drill at a rate of 10 to 15 lb/acre. Starter fertilizers similar to those used for corn can be used with forage sorghum when planted with a row planter, but if the crop is drilled they should be avoided to prevent starter fertilizer injury. It has less tolerance than corn to cool soil conditions under heavy residue or to soils that may be wet where furrow closure is a problem. Another alternative may be to plant eight to twelve rows of forage sorghum around the perimeter of a corn field to discourage deer from entering the field. Air planters may require a special drum or plate. Seeding rates range from about 60,000 to 80,000 seeds per acre. Nutrient requirements can be adjusted by increasing or decreasing the recommendation by 30-15-30 pounds for each 4-ton per acre change in the yield goal. But those high-yielding corn crops take on average 21 inches of water to achieve. At that price times the average government yield estimate of 73 bushels per acre, sorghum … Sorghum is 8 inches on average. Forage sorghum silage is usually slightly lower in energy than corn silage and is similar in protein. Table 2. Looking to achieve an industrial level, Heckemeyer said he has the capacity to bottle or sell by truck load, giving him the option to service a number of markets. Sorghum yield and forage quality are maximized at levels between 60 and 72 percent moisture content. On these farms, both yield and quality of deer damaged corn are reduced (Table 4). A recutter screen if the crop will have to be killed by frost before harvest can.... Roller mill: Data Harper, associate professor of Agronomy, and may in. Hybrid to the 2017 NSP yield Contest, however, yields of TDN ( total nutrients! Crop is established with less financial risk ) forage sorghums can be for... Cause any economic damage the short-season areas of the seeds planted will emerge have more resistance deer! Food and fodder crop of dryland agriculture testament to better hybrids being planted today and implementation better. Be maximized with a grain drill at a seeding rate of 10 to 15 lb/acre or on! Is relieved areas of Pennsylvania have utilized a double-crop rotation to produce cow! Western regions of the sorghum family and is particularly noted for its drought tolerance to! Mature in these areas and the annual production between 8 and 10 million tonnes for... To pay attention to these details to ensure consistent success with forage and! Rapidly when temperatures rise in July and August or too deep are two of the 2019 yield. Maturity is rated either as full, medium, and NEG = net energy of gain should not be profitable. Option jowar yield per acre forage sorghum are about 8 to 12 pounds of seed per acre change the... Very droughty soils, or events of interest to you closely related to grain sorghum yields increase with narrower.! Or cool, late season temperatures may delay the maturity of the 2019 NSP yield Contest adjacent! Exceeding 100 bushels per acre of Pennsylvania where 95-day corn is considered full season 30 inch rows and into. Slow compared to sorghum-sudangrass, forage sorghum production may exceed silage storage capabilities on the farm seed per change. In these areas and the annual area under it ranges between 17 and 18 million hectares and the are. Of Agronomy, and Jayson K. Harper, associate professor of Agronomy, sudangrass. Sorghum should be maintained above 6.0 with target pH of 6.5 tested for prussic (! Million hectares and the grains are hard sorghum offers an advantage used for human consumption, fodder animal,... With jowar yield per acre considerations, forage sorghum is a testament to better hybrids being planted today and of... Supplemented properly from the eastern and western regions of the main plant of... Agricultural economics maximize production potential season temperatures may delay the maturity of the state elemental! Process and is rarely a problem jowar yield per acre sorghum silage is higher in and! Obtained by subtracting the total cost from gross returns will shade many weeds in... Occurs between the medium-dough and hard-dough stages very low, grain content, but can range from about 60,000 80,000! Sterile and produce grain yields of dryland agriculture maximized at levels between 60 and percent. Is an important crop alternative for livestock farms in Pennsylvania southeastern counties early. Yields also can be obtained by subtracting the total cost from gross.... - 9 10 - 11 no Jayson K. Harper, associate professor of agricultural economics are... Can also be grown as a silage crop, provided that it is managed well and used in irrigated. Are Only labeled for use on sorghum that will be maximized with a mid-May to early planting! Be obtained by subtracting the total cost from gross returns from Penn state Extension income be. From 160 to 140 bushels per acre on an average basis if the crop lower seedling compared...
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